Fundamental tool design

Beck Fred D. Hitter Louis H. Benson Edward G. Hoffman, Ph. Bernard R. Better Howard Holder Joseph S. Blachutshannon Paul Jacobs, Ph. Ernest G. Boyd David Johnson D.

Caddell Donald G. Johnson Peter Carbone Kenneth M. Kell Bernard Cardinal Donald R. King Carl H. Cedarblad Joseph A. Klancink Paul E. Charrette Donald Koch Charles E. Clark Anthony R. Konecny Walter F. Coles Joseph C.

Kopeck Harry Conn Robert C. Everett Laitala Edward T. Drabik Brian Lambert, Ph. Fred R. Drake Clarence E. Lane Alan B. Draper Robert M. Larson Duane Dunlap, Ph. Charles O. Lofgren Francis L. Edmondson Paul A. Longo William A. Ehlert Robert Lown Keith D. Entrekin Harry J. Fogarty Louis J. Mahlmeister Norman G. Foster James C. Mangus Howard A. Frank Dan J. McKeon Raymond E. Gariss Raymond H. Meckley Roger L.

Geer John Mitchell Ralph D. Glick Karl H. Nauth Ronald F. Steward Alvin G. Neumann Paul Suksi Elsayed A. Orady, Ph. Osborn, Jr. Frank Swaney Carl Oxford, Jr. Howard R. Swanson Clayton F. Paquette James L. Thomas Roy B. Perkins Edward A. Tobler Ralph L.

Perlewitz Thomas Ury Willis J. Potthoff Edwin M. Fixtures range from standard clamps to vices and chucks to metal plates with key-slots and tap-holes for fasteners. They can also be part-specific dedicated fixtures requiring extensive design and build requirements. This must be repeatable for many parts. The fixture must also hold the part securely while vibrations, cutting forces, centrifugal forces and gravity act to dislodge the part.

In theory, the location and clamping of work-pieces are considered separate issues, but locating and clamping are integral; once located, the holding action must ensure the work-piece is stable for machining. Conversely, the clamping force should not be so excessive such that it distorts, gouges, or breaks the work-piece. Computer-aided design CAD is of immense importance when it comes to tool design and manufacturing.

Tool designers utilize CAD in the same way as product designers, creating 3D models, 2D prints, and machine code to produce all types of tooling. We connect engineers, product designers and procurement teams with the best materials and suppliers for their job.

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Sign in Register You are not signed in. Biological Material. List Your Materials. Unit Converter. Sustainable Materials Selection. About us. Get Connected. A Basic Guide to Tooling Design. Definition Tooling design is a specialized area of manufacturing engineering which comprises the analysis, planning, design, construction and application of tools, methods and procedures necessary to increase manufacturing productivity.

Types of Tools Cutting tools Machining processes require cutting tools that undergo huge forces and experience significant temperature gradients. In general, there are four aspects of cutting tools that must be considered: Tool Life: This is the life of the tool, beyond which it loses its operational characteristics. There are two broad categories of tool failures: Premature failure: Fracture failure from excessive cutting forces, or Thermal failure from high cutting temperatures Gradual failure: A cutting tool will gradually fail as it approaches its life-limit with operational use.

The following are the few important aspects of cutting fluids: Tooling: Reduction of heat generated in the friction and shear zone. Lubrication: Reduction of friction between tool and chip. Dies have many forms and they can be classified as follows: Sheet Metal Processes Blanking Blanking is a shearing process in which a flat piece of material is produced by cutting a desired shape in one single operation. Perforating Perforating is a piercing operation in which a large number of holes are punched together.

Notching Notching is also a piercing operation that removes the edges of a work-piece. Shaving Shaving is a shearing process in which a small amount of an already blanked part is removed. Trimming Trimming is used as final operation in which excess and unwanted irregular material is sheared off from drawn sheets. Forging can be classified according to the temperature of the process: i. Hot forging For warm and hot forging the work-piece is heated prior to the press-working operation.

The classification is as follows: i. Hot Extrusion Injection Mould Tools Injection molding is a manufacturing process in which parts are produced by injecting molten material into a mold. Work-Holding Tools Work-holding tools include any device that is used to hold the work-piece in place for the cutting tool. The decision as to how to hold a work-piece may depend on the following: which surfaces can be machined in a single-setup machining process accuracy cutting forces, speed and feed-rate tool-path tool-size and shape Tool Materials The physical properties of a material control how the material reacts under certain conditions.

Color : The natural tint of the material. Thermal Conductivity : The function of how fast heat can flow through a material. Thermal Expansion : The measure of the dimensional change exhibited by the material when exposed to heat, thus affecting accuracy.

Melting Point : The temperature at which the material changes from the solid to the liquid state. It can also be defined as a rough measure of heat resistance. Cutting Tool Design Cutting tool design requires an understanding of the machining process, the materials involved, and the operation parameters.

The following should be considered: Setup rigidity : A rigid setup is vital to achieve accuracy and surface finish. Both the work-piece and the cutting tool must be rigid to control vibrations and chatter during machining. Increasing the mass of machining system elements promotes rigidity by reducing vibrations and resonant frequency.